Scorpion Fish Facts (Scorpaenidae)

Scorpion Fish Facts (Scorpaenidae) The term scorpion fish refers to a group of ray-finned fishes in the family Scorpaenidae. Collectively, they are called rockfish or stonefish because they are bottom dwellers camouflaged to resemble rocks or coral. The family includes 10 subfamilies and at least 388 species. Important genera include the lionfish (Pterois sp.) and stonefish (Synanceia sp.). All scorpion fish have venomous spines, giving the fish their common name. While stings can be fatal to humans, the fish are not aggressive and only sting when threatened or injured. Fast Facts: Scorpion Fish Scientific Name: Scorpaenidae (species include Pterois volitans, Synaceia horrida)Other Names: Lionfish, stonefish, scorpionfish, rockfish, firefish, dragonfish, turkeyfish, stingfish, butterfly codDistinguishing Features: Compressed body with wide mouth and conspicuous, venomous dorsal spinesAverage Size: Under 0.6 meters (2 feet)Diet: CarnivorousLife Span: 15 yearsHabitat: Coastal tropical, subtropical, and temperate seas worldwideConservation Status: Least ConcernKingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ChordataClass: ActinopterygiiOrder: ScorpaeniformesFamily: ScorpaenidaeFun Fact: Scorpion fish not aggressive. They only sting if they are threatened or injured. Description The scorpion fish has a compressed body with ridges or spines on its head, 11 to 17 dorsal spines, and pectoral fins with well-developed rays. The fish come in all colors. Lionfish are brightly colored, so potential predators can identify them as a threat. Stonefish, on the other hand, have mottled coloring that camouflages them against rocks and coral. The average adult scorpion fish is under 0.6 meters (2 feet) in length. Except for lionfish, scorpion fish have a mottled coloration that serves as camouflage. LITTLE DINOSAUR / Getty Images Distribution Most members of the Scorpaenidae family live in the Indo-Pacific, but species occur worldwide in tropical, subtropical, and temperate seas. Scorpion fish tend to live in shallow coastal water. However, a few species occur as deep as 2200 meters (7200 feet). They are well-camouflaged against reefs, rocks, and sediment, so they spend most of their time near the sea floor. The red lionfish and common lionfish are invasive species in the Caribbean and Atlantic Ocean off the coast of the United States. The only effective method of control to date has been NOAAs campaign of Lionfish as Food. Encouraging consumption of the fish not only helps control lionfish population density, but also helps protect overfished grouper and snapper populations. Reproduction and Life Cycle Female scorpion fish release between 2,000 and 15,000 eggs into the water, which are fertilized by the male. After mating, the adults move away and seek cover to minimize attention from predators. The eggs then float to the surface to minimize predation. Eggs hatch in after two days. The newly-hatched scorpion fish, called fry, remain near the surface until they are around about an inch long. At this time, they sink to the bottom to seek a crevice and begin hunting. Scorpion fish live up to 15 years. Diet and Hunting The carnivorous scorpion fish preys upon other fish (including other scorpion fish), crustaceans, mollusks, and other invertebrates. A scorpion fish will eat virtually any other animal that can be swallowed whole. Most scorpion fish species are nocturnal hunters, while lionfish are most active in the morning daylight hours. Some scorpion fish wait for prey to approach. Lionfish actively hunt and attack prey, using a bilateral swim bladder to precisely control body position. To catch prey, a scorpion fish blows a jet of water toward its victim, disorienting it. If the prey is a fish, the jet of water also causes it to orient against the current so that its facing the scorpion fish. Head-first capture is easier, so this technique improves hunting efficiency. Once the prey is positioned correctly, the scorpion fish sucks in its prey whole. In some cases, the fish uses its spines to stun prey, but this behavior is fairly uncommon. Predators While its likely that predation of eggs and fry is the primary form of natural population control of scorpion fish, its unclear what percentage of scorpion fish young are eaten. Adults have few predators, but sharks, rays, snappers, and sea lions have been observed hunting the fish. Sharks appear to be immune to scorpion fish venom. Although scorpion fish are venomous, they are gentle animals. This diver is feeding a lionfish. Justin Okoye / EyeEm / Getty Images Scorpion fish arent fished commercially because of the risk of stings. However, they are edible, and cooking the fish neutralizes the venom. For sushi, the fish may be eaten raw if the venomous dorsal fins are removed before preparation. Scorpion Fish Venom and Stings Scorpion fish erect their spines and inject venom if they are bitten by a predator, grabbed, or stepped on. The venom contains a mixture of neurotoxins. Typical symptoms of poisoning include intense, throbbing pain that lasts up to 12 hours, peaking in the first hour or two following the sting, as well as redness, bruising, numbness, and swelling at the sting site. Severe reactions include nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, tremors, decreased blood pressure, shortness of breath, and abnormal heart rhythms. Paralysis, seizures, and death are possible, but are usually restricted to stonefish poisoning. The young and elderly are more susceptible to the venom than healthy adults. Death is rare, but some people are allergic to the venom and may suffer anaphylactic shock. Australian hospitals keep stonefish anti-venom on hand. For other species and for stonefish first aid, the first step is to remove the victim from water to prevent drowning. Vinegar may be applied to reduce pain, while the venom may be inactivated by immersing the sting site in hot water for 30 to 90 minutes. Tweezers should be used to remove any remaining spines and the area should be scrubbed with soap and water and then flushed with fresh water. Medical care is required for all scorpion fish, lionfish, and stonefish stings, even if the venom appears to be deactivated. Its important to be certain that no spine remnants remain in the flesh. A tetanus booster may be recommended. Conservation Status Most species of scorpion fish have not been evaluated in terms of conservation status. However, the stonefish Synanceia verrucosa and Synanceia horrida are listed as least concern on the IUCN Red List, with stable populations. The luna lionfish Pterois lunulata and red lionfish Pterois volitans are also least concern. The population of red lionfish, an invasive species, is increasing. While no significant threats face scorpion fish at this time, they may be at risk from habitat destruction, pollution, and climate change. Sources Doubilet, David (November 1987). Scorpionfish: Danger in Disguise. National Geographic. Vol. 172 no. 5. pp. 634–643. ISSN 0027-9358Eschmeyer, William N. (1998). Paxton, J.R.; Eschmeyer, W.N., eds. Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 175–176. ISBN 0-12-547665-5.Morris J.A. Jr., Akins J.L. (2009). Feeding ecology of invasive lionfish (Pterois volitans) in the Bahamian archipelago. Environmental Biology of Fishes. 86 (3): 389–398. doi:10.1007/s10641-009-9538-8Sauners P.R., Taylor P.B. (1959). Venom of the lionfish  Pterois volitans.  American Journal of Physiology.  197: 437–440Taylor, G. (2000). Toxic fish spine injury: Lessons from 11 years experience. South Pacific Underwater Medicine Society Journal. 30 (1). ISSN 0813-1988

Animal Rights Essay †Check A Sample

Animal Rights Essay – Check A Sample The issue of non-human or animal rights raises more and more discussions every year. Animal rights imply that it’s unacceptable to do certain things with animals. The ethical side of the issue pushes us to the idea that ill-treatment of animals is unacceptable. It’s very important to stop cruelty towards animals that are killed for food or clothing. One of the main points of view regarding animal rights is that it’s inadmissible to use animals for experiments. They cannot be used for food, which means human beings cannot breed them in order to consume them later. It’s inadmissible to make clothes out of animals, or to use them in medicine. Moreover, animal rights defenders now insist on the prohibition of using animal labor. For example, donkeys, camels and other animals cannot be used for hard labor, under any circumstances. As a rule, people tend to divide animal rights and human rights. However, in terms of morality, there should be no difference between adult animals and adult human beings, since animals also have rights, and humans are also mammals. Many people consider animals to be equal to people, and give a number of arguments in favor of such an assertion. Animals realize themselves, they understand that they are alive, they realize their biological structure. Animals understand what is happening to them; they like some things, and don’t like others. Animals are also capable of making decisions. In terms of ethics, you cannot hunt any animal. Hunting shouldn’t be considered acceptable under any conditions, nor on any grounds. Similarly, it’s immoral to use animals for entertainment, restricting their freedom in zoos, or using them to attract tourists. If we give the same attention to animal rights as human rights, it becomes obvious that any animal has the right to be treated with respect. We must realize the value of each animal as an individual. This means that we must take care of animals, but shouldn’t use them for our own purposes or, even more so, for simple entertainment. For many years, animals have been used for research. Due to such scientific tests, animals die, suffer from pain. Their rights are violated. The essence of this animal rights essay is that animals have the right to live with no human interference, especially in case of drugs testing or other experiments. People constantly use animals as pets. In terms of ethics, dogs, cats, birds and other animals have the right to live their own lives. In the opposite case, given the equal rights of people and animals, this can be considered slavery.

A real world example of how science has been misused and report on the Essay

A real world example of how science has been misused and report on the subject - Essay Example e modern information technologies, which are obviously the by products of the growth of science, are very effectively employed by governmental agencies and the international bodies of administration. But, it is alarming to note that information technology devices are so effectively used by terrorists and criminals as well all over the world, which obviously is a serious misuse of science and its development. Two major areas where science has made drastic changes are in the fields of nanotechnology and information technology and there is no doubt that these are two areas where its misuse takes dominant forms. Between the two, scientific develops in nanotechnology assumes greater significance as many of the scientific inventions that led to the making of atom bombs, nuclear weapons and other weapons of mass destruction has posed great threat to international peace and security. My attempt in this short essay is to deal with the misuse of science with regard to nanotechnology. Nano-science and Nano-engineering form the basis for nanotechnology. Nano-technology applies to many fields and its misuse can turn human life into misery. Developments in nanotechnology have given rise to the formation of new atomic and nuclear weapons. When Albert Einstein developed the theory of mass-energy equivalence, E=MC2; no one thought that it would pave the way for a nuclear age. But the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the United states during the second world war (August 1945) was a shock to the international community and from then onwards we do find an international competition among world nations to be nuclear powers, and many have attained nuclear power so far. The great amount of funding spent on nanotechnology and related fields (very often in the name of national defense) by world nations is quite shocking. A research conducted by US nanotechnology consultancy revealed that â€Å"the total spending on nanotechnology R&D worldwide exceeded $8.6 billion in 2004. US

Human trafficking on women in hawaii or united states vs foreign Essay

Human trafficking on women in hawaii or united states vs foreign countries like india or china - Essay Example According to Fagan Brian, Human trafficking often involves the use of threats, false promise, force and trickery. The victims are usually sexually exploited; the sexual practices they engage in include sex shows, pornography, mail order brides, brothel prostitution, sex tours and serial sponsorship. Trafficking in women and girls has become an international business in Hawaii as well as other countries; especially in U.S. it is regarded as a migration issue, which leads to responses that will demand efforts to illegally cross the border. Taran and Gloria argues that, Hawaii is a logical transit destination where trafficking is very high. Research by Fagan shows how Alec Sou, William Khoo and Mike Sou conspired and devised a scheme so that they can obtain the labor of Thai nationals. They entice them to come into their farms in Hawaii, with false promises of good jobs. Furthermore, they make arrangements for high recruitment fee, which attract many jobless women from countries like China. According to Taran and Gloria, Hawaii is the first state to criminalize the activities related to sex trafficking in women. A new law was formulated; a law that recognize the relationship between trafficking and tourism. The major activities that contribute to trafficking in Hawaii include prostitution and other related activities (Fagan Brian. 2007). The state of Hawaii has developed a legislation that would campaign against sex tourism and sex trade in general. According to Taran and Gloria, the case of human trafficking is being prosecuted by Human trafficking prosecution unit. The case is conducted by the Hawaii department of public safety; this is the top priority of justice department. However, human trafficking is the fastest developing industry in Hawaii and United States. People trafficking continue to rise in number. Human trafficking throughout international and local borders requires collaboration and cooperation between countries or states involved. For instance to transport trafficked women from China to Hawaii, the two states have to collaborate and cooperate in order to perform human trafficking successfully. The major destination for the traffickers (U.S. and all 50 states including Hawaii), must come up with a domestic response to this alarming crisis. Violence against women and girls is defined as a national policy issue in Hawaii. However, sometimes, it is considered an individual problem that is not relevant to a public subject. In other words, trafficking of women and children should be viewed as a wide context of labor migration and transportation of persons from crisis situations and conflict areas as internally displaced people and refugees (Taran Patrick and Gloria Moreno 2007). An effective analysis should address the issues of women trafficking so that the federal government can be able to come up with policies, which can be implemented to control the crisis. Fagan claims that, women trafficking should be recognized as a component of population mobility and labor migration that ranges across seasonal and temporary population movement; movements that are intended to be temporary may sometimes turn to seasonal or permanent. This is because the victims may decide to remain in the destination place as a permanent migrant. On the other hand, China has had tragic stories about immigrants who migrate to Hawaii and other countries in U.S.

The Role Of Family Revision Essay Example for Free

The Role Of Family Revision Essay A family is a western term used to denote a domestic group of people linked together through descent from a common ancestor, marriage or adoption. There are three forms of families one is a motional family which consists of a mother and a children. They can be biological offspring to adopted children .The second form is conscunguineas family which consists of the parent, children and other relatives such as grandparent’s uncles and aunts. The last form is a conjugal family which consists of a more than one spouses usually the women are more and their children   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Every individual in the family has roles to carry out . The right and obligation associated with these roles is based not only on the family member but also on age sex and marital status. The first role we shall look at is the role of the family in family planning .this is the role of the family to achieve desired birth spacing and family size .This role decrease child mortality, age in marriage increases; better health of infant’s children and women  Ã‚   and the social economic role of women  Ã‚   goes up. Statistics from the united nation world population prospects of 1999 show that the family size decline between 1800 and 1900 from 7.0 to 3.5 children .family planning methods were began in 1912 with a lot of legal battles and by 1933 they were a little established with the average size decline to 2.3 children families began using the birth control methods and in the 20th century statistics show that 71 use contraception douch,47%using withdraw methods 17%   having cervical diagram .currently the family sizes are small having two or one children   Ã‚   The family has a role of providing basic needs to it member the basic need includes food shelter clothing and health care. for the family the provide these the parent need to find and maintain employment and secure a house .adequate and proper   distribution of resources is needed in   order to provided the basis needs other than the basic needs the family has a role of providing emotional support and caring for family member who are ill the elderly and the children need a lot of care and support from the family   the family has a rare safeguarding in solving them .and motivating its member to achieve .much of the achievements of the family member especially the children is through emotional encouragement and support .This also   will encourage support of each family member during crises   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Family has a role in providing supports to disabled persons in the unit .this support can be form of educating the members this is done through taking them to special school where they learn and are able to work on their own without dependences listening to their problems and helping   in solving them .washing their clothes feeding them and directing them considering the disability with this role has improved in most country like India   in the late 1980,s the disabled child was usually   killed or abandoned .Today family have been encouraged and the disabled child is taken care of .more so family has also been encouraged to help other disabled people other than family members in formation of organization For the disabled where they share and encourage each other to move on.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another role of the family is to provide spiritual care. When families are experiencing losses, despair, questions about the meaning of suffering or a sense of abandonment by the divine more than anything else they need to be heard and know they are not alone. This is done by emphatisising with the members. The society comes in and gives them spiritual comfort. In case a member can pray for them and comfort them as they receive medical care. In case of death the society comes in to take part in prayer and burial rituals.Spritual leaders should also comfort the members. This role has been their from the 80s and  Ã‚   even today it remain same only that the ritual differ from country to country. Role of the family in promoting the right of the child. The basic institution in society for the survival, protection and development of the child is the family’s civil rights of the child begins within the family. The family has an important role to play as to the right of the child to be registered with a name, to a nationality, to know as far as possible his or her parentage and to preserve his or her identity. Socialization and acquisition of values are also developed within the family for freedom of expression and association. In the family is the child should not be subjected to cruel, inhuman treatment such as neglect, corporal punishment and sexual or verbal abuse. The family is therefore an essential agent for creating awareness and preservation of human rights and also respect for human values, cultural identity and heritage as well as civilization.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another important role of the family is raising children. It is this factor that influences the behavior of the children in their early childhood. Rising does not occur with wishful thinking but through advice from the parent to their children and the parent through advice from the parents to their children and the parent presenting good examples to the children. For example if the parent advice the children against drug abuse they should not also smoke or abuse any other drug. The same applies for company. Family encourages the children to have good company to ensure they carry out good morals and avoid drug abuse and other bad morals.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  The families in Chinese have evolved from the 80s to today. The stereotyped view of the Chinese family in the 80s was that of a large extended family with several generations living under one roof and being self sufficient. It helped by providing child care and care of the eldery (Daniel, Habib, Southall 45).Today modern Chinese family in Birmingham are mainly a nuclear one with a husband, wife and living with children. In the 80s Chinese men continued to occupy a dominant position in the family in terms of decision making. Today however women are acquiring greater equality with men as they contribute with their income or labor in the family business.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The family has a role in developing careers of its members. Family influence is an important force in preparing the youth for their role as workers. In the 80s fewer families encouraged children to study and develop a career especially in the third world countries. As years passed by and even recently the families have played this important role, as they did not respect education.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Family background factors are found to be associated with career development   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Include parent’s socioeconomic status, their educational level and biogenetic factors   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Such as physical size, gender, ability and temperament. (Forrest, Samara, p.68). Family income is another factor affecting their role in developing members’ careers. If the family economic resources are limited, the family tends to direct them first to the males of the family giving less hope and encouragement for further education to the daughter in the family.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The last role of family is on relationship of its members and other people which leads to marriage. The child’s relationship with the parents shapes the potential relationship that will have with their partner in life. More so research shows that a man treats a woman as his dad treated his mom. The family can support and strengthen a relationship, by counseling them and appreciating the both partners. For the disabled where they share and encourage each other to move on.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another role of the family is to provide spiritual care. When families are experiencing losses, despair, questions about the meaning of suffering or a sense of abandonment by the divine more than anything else they need to be heard and know they are not alone. This is done by emphatisising with the members. The society comes in and gives them spiritual comfort. In case a member can pray for them and comfort them as they receive medical care. In case of death the society comes in to take part in prayer and burial rituals.Spritual leaders should also comfort the members. This role has been their from the 80s and  Ã‚   even today it remain same only that the ritual differ from country to country.   Work cited: Forrest, J. D, Samara, R, Impact of Public Funded Contraceptive Services on Unintended Pregnancies and Implication for Medical Expenditure. Fam Plann Perspect, 1996. John Daniel, Adam Habib, Roger Southall . State of the Nation. South Africa:HSRC press, 2005.

Arrogance of Greek Heroes Essay -- Epic Conceit Aeneid Odysseus Essays

Arrogance of Greek Heroes Often readers will criticize the champions of classical and medieval epics for egotism. Critics cite examples from the Odyssey, the Aeneid, and Beowulf of conceit and egocentric behavior. Odysseus, Aeneas, and Beowulf display a well-known arrogance befitting their accomplishments. The motivation for this arrogance, to complete these tasks, to perform these feats, is often over-generalized to the point of inaccuracy and confusion. One must not let such misinterpretations interrupt the humanization of these characters. Through the examination of the desires and behavior of these epic heroes, we can discover an underlying need for recognition or honor. In classical and medieval western epics, the hero’s desire to complete a given quest is fueled by their desire to gain or maintain honor or fame. The first hero to be considered is one of the original Greek champions. Odysseus, often characterized as a braggart and self-centered, displays all the traits of a man doing his best to leave his mark. He will never take the simplest of routes to solve a problem; he would much rather use his cunning and inventiveness to contrive a plan that exploits the weaknesses of his foe and uses all the resources at his disposal: â€Å"‘God help me!’ the man of intrigue broke out†¦ ‘Come weave us a scheme so I can pay them back! Stand beside me, Athena, fire me with daring, fierce as the day we ripped Troy’s glittering crown of towers down. Stand by me—furious now as then, my bright-eyed one— and I would fight three hundred men, great goddess, with you to brace me, comrade-in-arms in battle!’†(l.437-47, VIII) Odysseus would rather orchestrate a plan that ensures a total elimination of the suit... ... wife and home as well as his place in Carthage in the name of the gods, in the name of a quest that does not directly benefit him. From this pursuit, he does not stand to gain spoils, and the most that could be said of his fame would be drawn from his descendents. It is this moral stance, this understanding of universal placement, of purpose, that sets Aeneas apart from other heroes. Not every hero is a perfect model of character, but these well-known heroes of epic poetry do have powerful senses of honor and endeavor. Perhaps the authors meant these characters to exhibit flaws, or to relate to an idealized hero image that modern readers cannot understand. Regardless, it cannot be assumed that these characters are driven by a simple egotism, but rather by the same desire of many other men to be remembered, especially to be remembered for great things.

Juvenile Justice Essay

Should teenagers accused of violent crimes be tried and sentenced as adults? Why or Why not? Adolescence and the death penalty, two words more commonly seen together as of late. With growing number of young adult being tried and sentenced as adults for violent crimes the question rises why did they commit does age matter to the jury when they are put on trial? According to Paul Thompson, author of the article, â€Å"Startling Finds on Teenage Brains†. In the article Thompson notes a massive loss of brain tissue during the teenage years. While research on brain _ tissue loss can help us to understand teens better it cannot be used to excuse their violent or homicidal behavior. But it can be used as evidence that teenagers are not yet adults and the legal system shouldn’t treat them as such However this research can not excuse teens of violent crimes, it does show that they are not yet adults and should not be treated as such (Thompson) â€Å"†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Juvenile being tried as adults are not competent enough to stand trial,† quoted from Laurence Steinberg taken from the article, â€Å"Many Kids called Unfit for adult trial,† by Greg Krikorian According to a Sacramento to Bee article written in 2003 youth are â€Å"emotionally or intellectually unable to contribute to their own defense† It may common knowledge that a toddler doesn’t understand complex situations like an adult would, but the truth is around half of the kids in the age range of 14 to 15 don’t either. A study show that when compared with young adults children ages eleven to thirteen were more than three times are likely to be found â€Å"Seriously impaired† in understanding the judicial process and aiding their own defense. But so we as teenage s know right from wrong? As teen we are prone to do things that are frowned upon by adults. We are in the stages of life when we are most susceptible to peer _ pressure. And when more adults were faced with this question of whether or not adolescents should be tried as adults they said they didn’t fell that they had the â€Å"POWER† or right to judge whether someone should die or not. Kent scheidegger legal director of the conservative criminal justice legal foundation said that vast majority of teenagers even young ones know enough to be tried in adult court â€Å" The notion that teenagers are not capable of understanding what is going on I find not credible in the case of â€Å"mentally normal teenagers.† 1. What was most difficulty about this assignment? The most difficult was to truth what the study that the article gave you. 2. What was easiest Easiest about the assignment was the thesis statement 3. What I learn on completing this assignment was that there a lot or evidence and study that people when through to see if teenage and be trial as adults and what the brains tissue in a teenage body. 4. The strengths of my argument were the evidence that I use in the article and quote on what other people say about the argument. 5. My weaknesses in my argument would be the end of the essay. 6. What I learn for this assignment that they a lot of teenage that do stupid things and the crimes that they do and why do they do. This whole assignment was should you trial teenage as adults.

Report on Feasibility Study to Start a Restaurant Essay

Hotel industry is one of the essential industries. This industry serves the different customer in different aspects like taste, preference, price, quality etc. In Chennai, many varieties and range of hotels are available. As Chennai is the manufacturing hub of India, different class of people make business meetings and dealings in different hotels which provides these facilities. Wide range of people travel to Chennai to earn their living and the thriving population has mostly increased in the past few years. Apart from hotels, restaurants are the highly targeted places in Chennai. In this fast moving world, people do not have time to cook their own food and take it to their work place and even get ready with their breakfast. So, restaurants with different traditions of the south as well as north are started in and around Chennai. Considering this aspect, an idea to do research on the feasibility of starting a restaurant in Tambaram was taken up. Near Tambaram many manufacturing industries have rose up and the places in and around Tambaram have become residential areas but the number of restaurants is limited. So there is a niche market to be captured by opening a restaurant in that area. Thus the aim of this study is to know the customer preferences about the varieties of food and other aspects which will bring up the restaurant as a successful one. Chapter – The focus group is a qualitative research method designed to ascertain the opinions, attitudes, and behavior of target audiences. Typically, 8-10 persons meet to discuss topics selected and presented by a moderator, who afterwards prepares an analysis. For the feasibility study of starting a restaurant in Chennai, two focus group interviews were conducted with 10 participants who were native of Chennai and participants who were related to the hotel industry. In a controlled environment for duration of 90 minutes, the focus group interview was conducted in the presence of a moderator. Different ideas related to the customer involvement and expectations in the different food recipes and the external and internal environment of the hotel were discussed.

4 Ways to Make a Short Resume Longer

4 Ways to Make a Short Resume Longer Resume too short? The first question to ask yourself is probably the ever controversial â€Å"one page or two†? The debate rages on, but all you need to decide is how long your resume should be. If you’re fairly advanced in your career and have more pertinent experience than you can fit onto one page, then two (or more) pages is encouraged. If you’re starting out, however, the general rule of one-page should probably still apply. Either way, if you feel your resume is a little on the thin side, and not quite at the length you think is most appropriate, here are four tips to beefing it out.1. Add your achievementsYour achievements can be just as relevant as where you went to school. Try to find a way to put them in context. Include a few statements to show how your particular strengths and achievements prove that you have what it takes for a particular job. You can also list any major accomplishments in previous jobs (or really any instances in which your performa nce was remarkable- and relevant).2. Add to your work historyYour work history is one of the first and most important things a potential hirer will look at on your resume. If you don’t have numerous relevant job titles to list, you can include work experience you gained in internships or training programs over the course of your education. You could even include volunteer experience here. The most important thing is to make sure each thing you do list adds to the picture of you as a viable candidate for a particular job. Flesh out the descriptions of what you did and learned in each previous position to paint a broader picture of your qualifications.3. Say more about your skillsWhen in doubt, add extra skills. If you have two or three listed, make it four, or even five. Just make sure to choose these well. Read job descriptions carefully and choose the skills that will best set you up for impressing the hiring manager and landing yourself an interview.4. Include your hobbiesT his is sometimes controversial, but a good bet if you’re running short on content. If you have any particularly fascinating hobbies or interests- particularly ones which drawn on, broaden, or expand your relevant skills and strengths and experience- then these can be included on your resume. It gives recruiters insight into your personality and can be a great way of showing (subtly) how you’d fit within a company culture.Choose wisely. But don’t be shy of adding some of these extra details to augment your chances of getting the job.

SAT Subject Test Math 1 vs Math 2 Which Should I Take

SAT Subject Test Math 1 vs Math 2 Which Should I Take SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you're considering taking SAT Subject Tests and math is a strong subject for you, you’ll need to decide which SAT Subject Test in math to take. There are two Math SAT Subject Tests: Math 1 and Math 2 (also written as Math Level 1 and Math Level 2, or Math I and Math II). Math 2 is meant for students with more high school math coursework and covers a broader range of topics than Math 1 does. Other than that, the two tests are pretty similar: both have 50 multiple-choice questions and a 60-minute time limit. In this article, I’ll go over what’s covered in Math 1, what’s covered in Math 2, their similarities and differences, whether Math 1 is easier than Math 2, and how to choose which Subject Test to take. Note: This article deals with the two Math SAT Subject Tests, not the Math section on the regular SAT. To learn more about the SAT Math section and how to do well on it, check out our ultimate SAT Math prep guide. What’s Covered on SAT Math 1? SAT Subject Test Math 1 covers the topics you learn in one year of geometry and two years of algebra. Here's what you can expect to see on the test: Topics and Subtopics % of Math 1 SAT Subject Test Approximate # of Questions Number and Operations 10-14% 5-7 Operations, ratio and proportion, complex numbers, counting, elementary number theory, matrices, sequences Algebra and Functions 38-42% 19-21 Expressions, equations, inequalities, representation and modelling, properties of functions (linear, polynomial, rational, exponential) Geometry and Measurement 38-42% 19-21 Plane geometry 18-22% 9-11 Coordinate: Lines, parabolas, circles, symmetry, transformations 8-12% 4-6 Three-dimensional: solids, surface area and volume (cylinders, cones, pyramids, spheres, prisms) 4-6% 2-3 Trigonometry: right triangles and identities 6-8% 3-4 Data Analysis, Statistics, and Probability 8-12% 4-6 Mean, median, mode, range, interquartile range, graphs and plots, least squares regression (linear), probability Source: SAT Subject Tests Student Guide As you can see, most of the questions will be about algebra, functions, or geometry. This means that when you are studying for Math 1, these are the main areas you should focus on. There will also be a few questions (about five) on data analysis/statistics/probability. I’m calling this out because it’s something many students haven’t spent a lot of time on in class. What’s Covered on SAT Math 2? The SAT Subject Test Math 2 covers most of the same topics as Math 1- information that would be covered in one year of geometry and two years of algebra- plus precalculus and trigonometry. However, the geometry concepts learned in a typical geometry class are only assessed indirectly through more advanced geometry topics such as coordinate and three-dimensional geometry. Here is a chart with topics and percentage breakdowns: Topics and Subtopics % of Math 2 SAT Subject Test Approximate # of Questions Number and Operations 10-14% 5-7 Operations, ratio and proportion, complex numbers, counting, elementary number theory, matrices, sequences, series, vectors Algebra and Functions 48-52% 24-26 Expressions, equations, inequalities, representation and modelling, properties of functions (linear, polynomial, rational, exponential, logarithmic, trigonometric, inverse trigonometric, periodic, piecewise, recursive, parametric) Geometry and Measurement 28-32% 14-16 Coordinate: lines, parabolas, circles, ellipses, hyperbolas, symmetry, transformations, polar coordinates 10-14% 5-7 Three-dimensional: solids, surface area and volume (cylinders, cones, pyramids, spheres, prisms), coordinates in three dimensions 4-6% 2-3 Trigonometry: right triangles, identities, radians, law of cosines, law of sines, equations, double angle formula 12-16% 6-8 Data Analysis, Statistics, and Probability 8-12% 4-6 Mean, median, mode, range, interquartile range, standard deviation, graphs and plots, least squares regression (linear, quadratic, exponential), probability Source: SAT Subject Tests Student GuideIt’s worth noting that on the main College Board page for Math 2, they (incorrectly) state that the test is 48-52% geometry. But in the SAT Subject Tests Student Guide, you can see that the actual percentage is 28-32%. Let’s all be glad that the questions on College Board tests are much more closely vetted than what goes on their website! In terms of individual topics, the Math 2 test is, by far, weighted most heavily toward algebra and functions, with about half the questions in this area. You can also expect to see a sizable chunk of trigonometry. Knowing the properties of all different types of functions, including trigonometric functions, is the single most important topic to study for the Math 2 test. If you don’t know all of that backwards and forwards, there will be a lot of questions you simply don’t understand. Your friend, the triangle. SAT Subject Test Math 1 vs Math 2: Similarities and Differences To give you an easy-to-follow overview when you are comparing tests, I’ll quickly go over which topics are covered on both exams and which you can expect to see only on Math 1 and only on Math 2, respectively. Topics on Both Math 1 and Math 2 We'll start by looking at the general topics that are present on both Math Subject Tests. Numbers and Operations Operations: Basic multiplication, division, addition, and subtraction. Remember the proper order of operations! Ratio and Proportion: Value comparisons and relationships between value comparisons. (Think: how many of one thing relative to another thing? Three cows for every two sheep?) Complex Numbers: Numerical expressions that include imaginary numbers. Counting: How many combinations are possible given certain conditions. For example, if there are eight chairs and eight guests, how many orders could the guests sit in? Elementary Number Theory: Properties of integers, factorization, prime factors, etc. Matrices: Basic operations with number grids. Sequences: Number patterns. Geometry Geometry on the coordinate plane, including questions about lines, parabolas, circles (and circle equations), symmetry, and transformations. With the exception of circles, coordinate geometry is less concerned with the actual functions making the figures and more with the properties of figures: is the shape symmetrical? How long is this segment of the line? And so on. Three-dimensional: Calculating the surface area and volume of cylinders, cones, pyramids, spheres, and prisms. Trigonometry: Right triangles and the Pythagorean theorem as well as basic trig identities such as sine, cosine, and tangent. Algebra Expressions: Mathematical phrases with variables, numbers, and operators (like $x+3$ or $2x+9y−4$). You must know how to factor, expand, and manipulate these expressions. Equations: An expression that is set to be equal to something, like $x+3=10$. You’ll need to understand how to solve these. You'll also need to be able to solve systems of equations. Inequalities: Expressions set to be greater or less than a value, like $x+310$. You'll need to know how to solve these, and how to solve systems of inequalities. Representation and Modeling: Creating equations that model a given scenario. You’ll need to know how to create and interpret these. Properties of Functions: You’ll need to be able to identify the following kinds of functions and understand how they work, how they look when graphed, and how to factor them. You should also know how to identify $x$- and $y$-intercepts and any unique characteristics they may have. Linear: Straight-line functions, generally written as $f(x)=mx+b$ or $y=mx+b$ Polynomial: Functions in which variables are elevated to exponential powers. This includes quadratic functions like $y=x^2+2x+2$ as well as functions like $y=x^5+4x$. Rational: Functions in which polynomial expressions appear in the numerator and the denominator of a fraction. For example: $$y=(x^2+4)/(x^3+x^2+9)$$ Exponential: Functions in which $x$ appears as an exponential power. Here's an example: $$y=3^(x+2)$$ Data Analysis, Statistics, and Probability Mean, Median, Mode, Range: Basic properties of data sets. Interquartile Range: A measure of a data set variability based on the range between data quartiles 3 and 1. Graphs and Plots: Creating and interpreting visual representations of data sets. Least Squares Regression (Linear): How closely correlated two variables are, and how much a data set resembles a straight line. Probability: Mathematical determinations of how likely a certain outcome is to occur; you’ll need to be able to create and interpret these. You could also skip standardized testing and go live alone in the desert. Topics on Math 1 Only The only topic on Math 1 that's not directly addressed at all on Math 2 is plane geometry, which is a fairly significant 20% of Math 1. Note that plane geometry concepts are addressed on Math 2 via coordinate and 3-D geometry. Topics on Math 2 Only Math 2 contains a fairly large number of topics that aren't tested on Math 1. Numbers and Operations Series: The sum of a sequence. Vectors: Geometric objects with size (length) and direction; you’ll need to be able to do basic operations with vectors. Geometry Coordinate: Equations and properties of ellipses and hyperbolas in the coordinate plane, and polar coordinates. Three-Dimensional: Plotting lines and determining distances between points in three dimensions. Trigonometry: Radian Measure: An alternative way to measure angles in terms of Ï€. You must know how to convert to and from degrees. Law of Cosines and Law of Sines: Trigonometric formulas that allow you to determine the length of a triangle side when one of the angles and two of the sides are known. You'll need to know the formulas and how to use them. Equations: Know how to identify and solve algebraic equations involving trigonometric identities, like $10=cos(x+8)$. Double Angle Formulas: Formulas that allow you to find information on an angle twice as large as the given angle measure. Algebra Properties of Functions: You’ll need to be able to identify the following kinds of functions and understand how they work, how they look when graphed, and how to factor them. You should also be able to identify $x$- and $y$-intercepts and any unique characteristics they might have. Logarithmic: Functions that involve taking the log of a variable. For example: $f(x)=log(x)$ Trigonometric Functions: Graphs of sine, cosine, tangent, etc. For example: $f(x)=sin(x)$ Inverse Trigonometric Functions: Graphs of the inverse of sine, cosine, tangent, and other trig identities. For example: $f(x)=arcsin(x)$ or $f(x)=sin$-1$(x)$ Periodic: Any function that repeats its values over an interval; trigonometric functions are periodic. Piecewise: A function that is defined by a different equation for different ranges of $x$. Recursive: A function defined in terms of other functions. Parametric: Equations of curves in which x and $y$ are defined via some third variable, normally t. $x=cos(t)$$y=sin(t)$is the equation for the unit circle, a parametric equation. Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability Least Squares Regression (quadratic, exponential): How well the points of a data set correspond to a quadratic or exponential shape. As you can see, there's a lot of overlap between the two Math SAT Subject Tests. However, Math 2 also tests more advanced versions of the topics tested on Math 1. It leaves off directly testing plane Euclidean geometry, though the concepts are indirectly tested through coordinate and 3-D geometry topics. Even with that cut out, Math 2 still covers a much broader swath of topics than Math 1 does. This means that question styles for Math 2 and Math 1 can be pretty different, even though many of the same topics are addressed (see the next section for elaboration on this). A broad swath. Is Math 1 Easier Than Math 2? Given that Math 2 covers more advanced topics than Math 1 does, you might think that Math 1 is going to be the easier exam. But this is not necessarily true. Since Math 1 tests fewer concepts, you can expect more abstract and multi-step problems to test the same core math concepts in a variety of ways. The College Board needs to fill up 50 questions, after all! Below is an example of a tricky question you might see on the Math 1 test. (Note that all practice problems in this article come from the official SAT Subject Tests Student Guide.) The above problem is testing fundamental plane Euclidean geometry concepts but in a way that makes you apply these concepts differently than you might expect to. Let’s walk through it. To figure out the area of the shaded region, we’ll need to subtract the area of the rectangle from the area of the circle. The area of the rectangle is pretty straightforward- $\ov{AB}$ is 5 and side $\ov{BC}$ is 12. So that would be $5*12 = 6$0. Now, we’ll need to find the area of that circle. $Ï€r^2$ is the formula for a circle’s area, but we don’t have the radius or diameter. However, we can find the diameter with the help of our friend, the Pythagorean theorem. We know that $\ov{AC}$ is going to be the same length as the diameter. How do we know this? Since ABCD is an inscribed rectangle, angle ∠ ABC is an inscribed right angle. Therefore, AC, the diameter, is the hypotenuse of right triangle ââ€" ³ABC. The Pythagorean theorem states that $a^2+b^2=c^2$ and we know a and b are 5 and 12, respectively. Therefore, $$5^2+12^2=c^2$$ $$25+144=c^2$$ $$169=c^2$$ $$13=c$$ With a diameter of 13, the radius is 6.5. The area of the circle = $$Ï€(6.5)^2=132.73$$ Area of the circle minus area of the rectangle: $$132.73−60=72.73$$ The answer is C! The above problem didn’t test any difficult concepts, but it did make us combine a few Euclidean geometry concepts (and three formulas!) in interesting ways to make the problem appear tricky. On the other hand, problems on Math II tend to take fewer steps to solve and are more straightforward, high-school-math-test-type questions: identify the concept, plug in, and go. For example, see this pretty straightforward plug-in-and-go 3-D volume/basic algebra question: Let’s walk through it. The volume of a right circular cylinder is $h*Ï€(1/2 d)^2$ We know the volume; we also know that the diameter and height are equal. Since the radius is equal to half the diameter, we can express the radius in terms of the height. This gives us the following equation: $$h*Ï€(1/2 h)^2=2$$ which can be simplified as $$(Ï€h^3)/4=2$$$$(h^3)/4=2/Ï€$$ and then $$h^3=8/Ï€$$ All of a sudden, we’ve got a pretty simple single-variable algebra problem. Plug and go to get 1.37, or answer choice A. The number-crunching in this problem might be a little ugly, but it’s pretty simple conceptually: a single-variable algebra problem that only uses one formula.These two problems showcase the difference between problem types on Math 1 and Math 2. Additionally, the curve is much steeper for Math 1 than it is for Math 2. Getting one question wrong on Math 1 is enough to knock you from that 800, but you can get seven or eight questions wrong and still potentially get an 800 on Math 2. Essentially, Math 1 is the easier exam only if you don’t know the advanced topics tested on Math 2. If you do know the Math 2 concepts, you'll find it easier than Math 1 because the material will be fresher in your mind, the questions are more straightforward, and the curve is kinder. A kind (and mathematical!) curve. How to Decide Which Math Subject Test to Take There are, in general, two factors to consider when deciding between Math 1 and Math 2: (1) what math coursework you have completed and (2) what the colleges you're applying to recommend or require. Which Math Courses Have You Taken? In general, if you're going to take a Math Subject Test, you should take the one that most closely aligns with the math coursework you've completed. If you’ve taken one year of geometry and two years of algebra, go with Math 1. If you’ve taken that plus precalculus and trigonometry (which is taught as one yearlong math class at most high schools), then take Math 2. Down-testing (i.e., taking Math 1 when you have the coursework for Math 2) is likely to backfire due to the fact that the material won't be as fresh for you and the curve for Math 1 is so unforgiving. If you’re in the middle of precalculus/trigonometry, things are a little more complicated. If it’s the beginning or middle of the year, take Math 1. If you try to take Math 2 too early, there will be material on the exam you haven’t covered yet, so you’ll either have to learn it or accept that you won’t get those points (which is a risky move I don’t recommend at all!). If you're close to the end of the year and you'd like to take Math 2, I'd advise you to simply wait to take the test until you’ve completed the requisite coursework. Which Test Do the Colleges You're Applying to Recommend or Require? Though many institutions that recommend or require SAT Subject Tests give you flexibility in what subjects you send, others have more stringent requirements, particularly engineering or medicine-based programs. Some notable programs and institutions that require Math level 2 include the following: Caltech- requires Math 2 from all applicants Harvey Mudd- requires Math 2 from all applicants Northwestern- select programs require Math 2 Most institutions in the University of California system strongly recommend (not require) Math 2 for engineering and science applicants If you know that you have your eye on a program that requires or recommends the Math 2 Subject Test, plan ahead to take the necessary math coursework. Programs that require or prefer the Math 2 Subject Test often have required introductory math coursework for first-year students that necessitates a certain background level in math, which is why they require Math 2. Therefore, try to get in the coursework necessary to be able to take and do well on the Math 2 Subject Test. If you don’t plan ahead, you might end up in a situation in which you are set to go into precalculus your senior year. In this case, you should aim to take precalculus the summer after your junior year and the Math 2 Subject Test in the fall of your senior year. Some high schools don’t offer an advanced enough math track for you to be able to get through precalculus by your senior year. It’s not super fair if you’re in this situation, but you can make up for it by taking a math class over the summer or at a local community college. On the other hand, some engineering programs and schools will accept either Math Subject Test (i.e., they have no preference). If your program accepts Math 1 or Math 2, take them at their word and opt for the test that better aligns with your regular coursework. The reason the College Board offers two levels of math isn’t to suggest that those who take Math 2 are somehow better at math, but rather that they understand not all high schools will offer the same math classes. High schools with fewer resources often do not offer as much advanced math coursework, and the colleges that accept either math exam do so for this exact reason. In fact, the colleges that require Math 2 are unfortunately penalizing underprivileged students, even if they are doing so because their introductory math coursework starts at too high a level to accept a less-advanced Math test. Note: In general, colleges will not accept Math 1 and Math 2 as two separate Subject Tests because there's so much overlap between the material. This doesn’t mean you can’t take both- just that they won’t count as two separate Subject Tests in the eyes of the college you're applying to. What If You Still Can't Decide Which Math Subject Test to Take? If you're still at a loss (or even if you just want to validate your choice before you register for one of the two Math tests), answer some practice questions for each Math Subject Test and compare how you do on them. If you score a lot higher on one test, choose that one. You can find practice questions for both exams in the College Board’s SAT Subject Tests Student Guide. Don’t forget that you can also retake Subject Tests, and there’s no rule that if you take one of the math tests that you can’t then take the other one if you feel as though you didn’t choose the better test for you the first time around. I don’t recommend taking both Math Subject Tests as a first-line strategy because you’ll waste time prepping for both when you don’t need to, and you already have enough to study and prepare for when you apply to college. However, it's something to keep in mind. You should also double-check that you actually have to take a Math Subject Test for the programs you're applying to since many schools will accept a science Subject Test instead. Choose your exam carefully, like this intrepid soul choosing which rocks to step on. SAT Subject Test Math 1 vs Math 2: The Final Word The College Board offers two SAT Subject Tests in math: Math 1 and Math 2. Math 1 is designed for those who've taken two years of algebra and one year of geometry, while Math 2 targets those who've also taken precalculus/trigonometry. Although they cover many of the same topics, Math 1 involves more tricky applications of math concepts since the scope of the exam is narrower. In general, you should take the Math Subject Test that best corresponds to the coursework you've completed. Taking Math 1 when you have the coursework for Math 2 might backfire given Math 1's steeper curve. By contrast, taking Math 2 without the requisite coursework will leave you completely lost for much of the exam. If you're applying to programs that require or strongly recommend Math 2, plan ahead so that you can complete the necessary coursework before you take the exam. And remember, if you end up taking both Math Subject Tests, most programs will only accept one toward your total of required or recommended Subject Tests. What's Next? Ready to test out your ratio and proportions skills? Try calculating how many seconds there are in a day, week, and year, then compare the result to our guide. Planning to take the Math 2 Subject test but a little shaky on your coordinate geometry? Make sure to review our articles on graph quadrants and how to complete the square so that you're not caught unaware on test day. Want some more specific advice on when to take the Math 2 Subject Test? Read our guide to learn how to choose the best test date for you. You might also want to check out our guide to SAT Subject Test scores for the Ivy League to learn how high to aim on test day. If you're taking AP tests and SAT Subject Tests, you might be wondering which exams are more important. In this guide, we explain which tests to prioritize for your college applications. Taking the regular SAT, too? Let us walk you through the format of the SAT Math section. Need a little extra help prepping for your Subject Tests? We have the industry's leading SAT Subject Test prep programs (for all non-language Subject Tests). Built by Harvard grads and SAT Subject Test full or 99th %ile scorers, the program learns your strengths and weaknesses through advanced statistics, then customizes your prep program to you so that you get the most effective prep possible. Learn more about our Subject Test products below:

What is existentialism in the art world Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

What is existentialism in the art world - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that existentialism can be described as a philosophy that came about during the occupation together with the French post-war era of 1945.This was an era of great transformation with the atrocities and aftermath of the World War II leaving Europeans and possibly the whole world’s population re-examining the significance of their existence and simultaneously being confronted by not only death, nuclear threat but also mass destruction. During the post-war era, existentialism spread through to all aspects of mainline modern-day thinking which saw a general interest for explaining man’s place within the field of things being developed. The greatest exponent of existentialism Jean-Paul Satre took Martin Heidegger’s and Soren Kierkegaard's texts and re-examined and added them to a contemporary existentialism philosophy. Other prominent existentialists comprise Genet, Beckett, Camus, Ponty, Ponge as well as Simone de Beauvoir w ho was also Sartre’s partner. Thus, the post-war climate brought with it not only a new but also devastating dimension for the person as well as the world politics. The philosophy of existentialism is closely related to art production. Thus according to Sartre, the consciousness of man is subjective and therefore can never objectively become aware of its own self except via â€Å"Other’s gaze†. Consequently, if other individuals act as mirrors, then it means the work of art too can be viewed as a mirror.